The Marigold (Calendula officinalis) has a long history of medicinal use; it is mentioned in many ancient herbals, including that of Culpepper, for use in the treatment of headaches, toothache, swellings and for strengthening the heart. Marigold also had a number of uses for culinary purposes and the flowers of Marigold were found in many kitchen recipes, including soups and stews; in fact, the name 'pot Marigold' refers back to the tradition of adding Marigold to the cooking pot.
The Use of Marigold in History
During both the American Civil War and the First World War, Marigold was used to treat wounds and to prevent wounds from becoming infected with toxins and bacteria; the Marigold flowers were either made into a poultice or an infused oil for application on the wound. In the East, garlands of brightly colored Marigolds have been, and still are, frequently used in festivals.
Variations of Marigold Species
The common Marigold should not be confused with the Marsh Marigold (Caltha palustris); the common Marigold is a member of the Asteraceae plant family whereas the Marsh Marigold is a member of the Ranunculaceae plant family. However, the common Marigold's name is said to be a variation of the Anglo-Saxon, merso-meargealla, Marsh Marigold.
The Latin name of the common Marigold, Calendula officinalis, indicates the timing of Marigold blossoms; the Latin, Calendae, refers to the first of the month and this is when the common Marigold is usually in flower. The common Marigold is often named Calendula from the Latin name. The French Marigold (Tagetes patula) should also not be confused with the common Marigold; although it has similar colored flowers, the French Marigold only grows to half the height of the common Marigold.
Identification and Distribution of the Common Marigold
The Marigold grows wild in the Mediterranean region but is now a common, cultivated garden annual; the Marigold grows up to two feet in height and traditionally has bright golden-orange flowers which resemble a daisy flower. However, there are now many cultivated species of Marigold which have yellow, red or double flowers; only the true Calendula officinalis has traditionally been used for medicinal purposes.
The Marigold flowers throughout the main Summer months of June through September. Marigold is considered to be a good companion plant as it helps to naturally repel many insects from other flowers, vegetables and herbs. Marigold is a hairy plant and prefers to grow in well drained soil, enjoying a sunny position.
Medicinal Uses of the Common Marigold
True Calendula absolute is obtained from the fresh flowers of Calendula officinalis; however, it is more common to use an infused oil or cream of Calendula in aromatherapy, due to the expensive price of true Calendula absolute. In aromatherapy, Marigold is used to treat eczema, scars, cracked skin, rashes, inflammations and viral infections.
The petals of Marigold are used to make an eyewash; Marigold is also used in both homeopathic and conventional medicine as a healing ointment for cuts and grazes. Marigold has anti-septic, stimulant and anti-fungal properties. The infused Calendula oil should not be confused with the essential oil of French Marigold (Tagetes patula), which has different uses.
Other Uses of Marigold
Marigold can be made into a tea or infusion to help in the healing of mouth ulcers, colitis and stomach ulcers; the infusion works by stimulating the lymphatic system, reducing swelling and cleansing the body of toxins. In cooking, the flowers of Marigold can used as a Saffron substitute in the coloring of rice dishes and can also be used in fish dishes; the leaves of Marigold are used in salads.
References:
Lawless, Julia 2001 The Aromatherapy Garden UK: Kyle Cathie Ltd
Podlech, Dieter 2001 Herbs and Healing Plants of Britain and Europe UK: Harper Collins (Collins Nature Guides)
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Sharon Falsetto - Sharon Falsetto is a business owner, certified clinical aromatherapist & professional writer with a life-long interest in plants.
